IMMUNISATION | ACTIVE VACCINE | PASSIVE/POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLACTIC
IMMUNISATION | COMMENTS |
HEPATITIS A | Injection: intramuscular 1. Day 1 2. 2-4 weeks after 1st dose (1 & 2 will give immunity for at least 1 year) 3. Booster dose 6-12 months gives 10 years protection | * If unimmunised immune serum globulin (ISG) given within 1 week of exposure is 95% effective. Not now generally used for prophylaxis. Effective 3 months only. | * Strongly recommended |
HEPATITIS B | Injection: intramuscular 1. Day 1 2. 1 month after 1st injection 3. not more than 5 months after 2nd injection (or 6 months after 1st dose). Gives immunity for 5-10 years | *If unvaccinated or vaccine failure give Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 24 hours of exposure. | * Strongly recommended * A blood test should be carried out 3 months after the FIRST course (only) to demonstrate seroconversion |
TYPHOID | a. By injection at 0 & 4-6 weeks. Booster 3 yearly or b. By mouth on days 1, 3 & 5. repeat yrly | Not available | MSO recommends Typhoid Vi (injection) |
TETANUS
(+ DIPHTHERIA) | Injection: At 0, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Booster doses every 10 years until total 5 doses in a lifetime then stop | If not up to date with tetanus toxoid an Immunoglobulin (HTIG) is available | *Usually given with Diphtheria as Dip/Tet immunisation: recommended |
POLIO | Oral Polio Vaccine at 0, 4-8 weeks, then 4-8 weeks after 2nd dose. Booster dose 10 yearly | Not available | * Part of childhood immunisation program* Strongly recommended |
CHOLERA | No longer recommended | | |
RABIES | Injection: In emergency on days 1, 3, 7, 14, & 30 : may then be discontinued on advise of a Dr) Booster: Day 90. As routine pre-travel at 0, 1, & 6-12 months | If unimmunised give Rabies Immunoglobulin (HRIG) within 24 hrs of potentially infected bite + start Rabies vaccine. | ALWAYS SEE A DOCTOR if bitten by any animal |
YELLOW FEVER | A single intramuscular / subcutaneous injection given Every 10 years | Not available | Internat. requirement for travel to/from endemic countries |
MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS | Injection: A & C from age 2 months. Effective 3 yrs. If available request A, C, Y & W135 vaccine (from age 2years, effective 1-5 yrs depending on age) | Not available | Recommended for all spending longer than one month in sub-Saharan Africa, India, Pakistan, Bhutan or Nepal |
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS | From age 1 yr. 3 doses over 1 month then at 1 year then 3 yearly. Severe adverse reactions occur but very rare. | | Only for travel to rural SE Asia for >2weeks or longer in cities esp. in monsoon season. |
TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS | Three doses at 0, 1-3 months & 9-12 months. Booster at 3 years | | Consider for warm forested parts of N. Europe & Scandinavia, esp. where heavy undergrowth & spring/summer |
